For many people, winter can be the hardest to embrace of the four seasons. Winter weather can pose health risks such as hypothermia and frostbite. Additionally, weather conditions such as heavy snowfall, icy rain and freezing temperatures can increase the risk of slip-related injuries.
However, with the right knowledge and preparation, we can stay safe and healthy even during the harshest winters
Who is at risk for health risks and/or injuries during the winter?
Anyone who is exposed to cold weather and harsh elements is at risk for illness and injury. This risk increases for seniors; young children; people experiencing homelessness or who live in homes with poor insulation; and people with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and diseases affecting blood vessels.
How can you prepare for the wintertime?
Dress appropriately
Choose clothing that helps maintain heat, such as insulated or waterproof boots with good traction, snow pants, and insulated hats and gloves. In addition, choose clothing made from flannel, fleece or wool. The key to staying warm is dressing in layers – try an inner layer that is breathable and an outer layer that is waterproof and windproof.
Stay alert
Be aware of your surroundings when you’re outside. Look out for areas with lots of snow, slush, icy rain and black ice. These weather conditions increase the risk of falls and injuries. To prevent slipping and falling, keep these tips in mind:
- Walk on sidewalks that are salted.
- Wear boots with good traction or ice spikes.
- Take your time, take smaller steps or walk slower.
- Avoid distractions, such as walking while looking at your phone. Be careful when leaving your vehicle because parking lots are often icy.
Make yourself visible
Icy conditions can make it harder for vehicles to slow down or stop. If you are walking outside, try to wear reflective outerwear or accessories (such as arm bands or hats with reflective strips) so drivers can see you coming. Reflective items are also available for pets.
If you are going out at night, avoid wearing all black or dark colours that might make it harder for people to see you.
Find shelter if temperatures are too cold
It is important to stay inside or find shelter during harsh temperatures. The City of Toronto offers Warming Centres for people experiencing homelessness.
Know the signs of winter-related illnesses
Hypothermia and frostbite are cold-related emergencies. Hypothermia happens when the core body temperature drops below 35°C. Frostbite happens when the body is exposed to freezing temperatures for a long time.
If these conditions are left untreated, they can quickly become life-threatening or limb-threatening. Knowing the signs and symptoms of these conditions can help you understand when you need to seek urgent care.
- Symptoms of hypothermia: Shivering, numbness, weakness, loss of coordination, drowsiness, confusion, slowed heart rate, slurred speech and glassy stare.
- Symptoms of frostbite: Numbness in the affected area, firm or waxy skin, coldness to the touch, discolouration, tingling and pain.
If you experience any of these conditions, seek medical care immediately.
Where to get help close to home
Don’t know where to find urgent care near you? Check out tehn.ca/PlacesToGetCare for a list of emergency and non-emergency services in East Toronto.
For more information about staying safe in the cold, check out the City of Toronto’s Winter Safety Tips website.